读取Excel文件,并将数据读取成数组
$spreadsheet = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory::load($file['tmp_file']); //指定第一个工作表为当前 $data = $spreadsheet->getSheet(0)->toArray();
PhpSpreadsheet是一个纯PHP编写的组件库,它使用现代PHP写法,代码质量和性能比PHPExcel高不少,完全可以替代PHPExcel(PHPExcel已不再维护)。使用PhpSpreadsheet可以轻松读取和写入Excel文档,支持Excel的所有操作。
官网:https://phpspreadsheet.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
1. 初识PhpSpreadsheet
软件依赖
要使用PhpSpreadsheet需要满足以下条件:
PHP5.6或更改版本,推荐PHP7
支持php_zip扩展
支持php_xml扩展
支持php_gd2扩展
安装
现在开始,创建项目目录/PHPExcel,进入项目目录。
使用composer安装:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet
使用
在项目目录下新建/public目录,在public目录下创建示例文件test.php,编辑test.php,用以下代码。
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');
运行代码,你会发现在目录下生成一个hello.xlsx文件,打开Excel文件,你会看到Excel中的单元格A1中有“Welcome to Helloweba.”内容。当然你可以对单元格样式诸如颜色、背景、宽度、字体等等进行设置,这些会在接下来的几节中讲到。
PhpSpreadsheet特性
支持读取.xls,.xlsx,.html,.csv等格式文件,支持写入导出.xls,.xlsx,.html,.csv,.pdf格式文件。
提供丰富的API,提供单元格样式设置、Excel表格属性设置、图表设置等等诸多功能。使用PhpSpreadsheet完全可以生成一个外观结构都满足你的Excel表格文件。
卓越的性能,尤其在PHP7上表现优异,比PHPExcel强大很多。
2. 使用PhpSpreadsheet将Excel导入到MySQL数据库
导入Excel
思路:使用PhpSpreadsheet读取Excel表格中的有用信息,然后组装成sql语句,最后批量插入到MySQL表中。
require 'vendor/autoload.php'; include('conn.php'); //连接数据库 $reader = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory::createReader('Xlsx'); $reader->setReadDataOnly(TRUE); $spreadsheet = $reader->load('students.xlsx'); //载入excel表格 $worksheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $highestRow = $worksheet->getHighestRow(); // 总行数 $highestColumn = $worksheet->getHighestColumn(); // 总列数 $highestColumnIndex = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Cell\Coordinate::columnIndexFromString($highestColumn); // e.g. 5 $lines = $highestRow - 2; if ($lines <= 0) { exit('Excel表格中没有数据'); } $sql = "INSERT INTO `t_student` (`name`, `chinese`, `maths`, `english`) VALUES "; for ($row = 3; $row <= $highestRow; ++$row) { $name = $worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(1, $row)->getValue(); //姓名 $chinese = $worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(2, $row)->getValue(); //语文 $maths = $worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(3, $row)->getValue(); //数学 $english = $worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(4, $row)->getValue(); //外语 $sql .= "('$name','$chinese','$maths','$english'),"; } $sql = rtrim($sql, ","); //去掉最后一个,号 try { $db->query($sql); echo 'OK'; } catch (Exception $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); }
worksheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(col, row)->getValue() 可以获取表格中任意单元格数据内容,col表示单元格所在的列,以数字表示,A列表示第一列,$row表示所在的行。
3. 使用PhpSpreadsheet将数据导出为Excel文件
一、设置表头
首先我们引入自动加载PhpSpreadsheet库,然后实例化,设置工作表标题名称为:学生成绩表,接着设置表头内容。表头分为两行,第一行是表格的名称,第二行数表格列名称。最后我们将第一行单元格进行合并,并设置表头内容样式:字体、对齐方式等。
require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; include('conn.php'); //连接数据库 $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $worksheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); //设置工作表标题名称 $worksheet->setTitle('学生成绩表'); //表头 //设置单元格内容 $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(1, 1, '学生成绩表'); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(1, 2, '姓名'); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(2, 2, '语文'); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(3, 2, '数学'); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(4, 2, '外语'); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(5, 2, '总分'); //合并单元格 $worksheet->mergeCells('A1:E1'); $styleArray = [ 'font' => [ 'bold' => true ], 'alignment' => [ 'horizontal' => \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER, ], ]; //设置单元格样式 $worksheet->getStyle('A1')->applyFromArray($styleArray)->getFont()->setSize(28); $worksheet->getStyle('A2:E2')->applyFromArray($styleArray)->getFont()->setSize(14);
二、读取数据
我们连接数据库后,直接读取学生成绩表t_student,然后for循环,设置每个单元格对应的内容,计算总成绩。注意的是表格中的数据是从第3行开始,因为第1,2行是表头占用了。
然后,我们设置整个表格样式,给表格加上边框,并且居中对齐。
$sql = "SELECT id,name,chinese,maths,english FROM `t_student`"; $stmt = $db->query($sql); $rows = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); $len = count($rows); $j = 0; for ($i=0; $i < $len; $i++) { $j = $i + 3; //从表格第3行开始 $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(1, $j, $rows[$i]['name']); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(2, $j, $rows[$i]['chinese']); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(3, $j, $rows[$i]['maths']); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(4, $j, $rows[$i]['english']); $worksheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(5, $j, $rows[$i]['chinese'] + $rows[$i]['maths'] + $rows[$i]['english']); } $styleArrayBody = [ 'borders' => [ 'allBorders' => [ 'borderStyle' => \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\Border::BORDER_THIN, 'color' => ['argb' => '666666'], ], ], 'alignment' => [ 'horizontal' => \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\Alignment::HORIZONTAL_CENTER, ], ]; $total_rows = $len + 2; //添加所有边框/居中 $worksheet->getStyle('A1:E'.$total_rows)->applyFromArray($styleArrayBody);
三、下载保存
强制浏览器下载数据并保存为Excel文件
$filename = '成绩表.xlsx'; header('Content-Type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="'.$filename.'"'); header('Cache-Control: max-age=0'); $writer = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory::createWriter($spreadsheet, 'Xlsx'); $writer->save('php://output');
如想要保存为.xls文件格式的话,可以改下header代码:
$filename = '成绩表.xlsx'; header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="'.$filename.'"'); header('Cache-Control: max-age=0'); $writer = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory::createWriter($spreadsheet, 'xls'); $writer->save('php://output');
4. 详解PhpSpreadsheet设置单元格
PhpSpreadsheet提供了丰富的API接口,可以设置诸多单元格以及文档属性,包括样式、图片、日期、函数等等诸多应用,总之你想要什么样的Excel表格,PhpSpreadsheet都能做到。
引入了正确的文件并实例化:
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $worksheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
字体
第1行代码将A7至B7两单元格设置为粗体字,Arial字体,10号字;第2行代码将B1单元格设置为粗体字。
$spreadsheet->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A7:B7')->getFont()->setBold(true)->setName('Arial') ->setSize(10);; $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setBold(true);
颜色
将文字颜色设置为红色
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet0
图片
可以将图片加载到Excel中
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet1
列宽
将A列宽度设置为30(字符):
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet2
如果需要自动计算列宽,可以这样:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet3
设置默认列宽为12:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet4
行高
设置第10行行高为100pt:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet5
设置默认行高:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet6
对齐
将A1单元格设置为水平居中对齐:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet7
合并
将A18到E22合并为一个单元格:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet8
拆分
将合并后的单元格拆分:
composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet9
边框
将B2至G8的区域添加红色边框:
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');0
工作表标题
设置当前工作表标题:
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');1
日期时间
设置日期格式:
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');2
换行
使用\n进行单元格内换行,相当于(ALT+"Enter"):
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');3
超链接
将单元格设置为超链接形式:
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');4
使用函数
使用SUM计算B5到C5之间单元格的总和。其他函数同理:最大数(MAX),最小数(MIN),平均值(AVERAGE):
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');5
设置文档属性
可以设置Excel文档属性:
<?php require '../vendor/autoload.php'; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet; use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx; $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet(); $sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet(); $sheet->setCellValue('A1', 'Welcome to Helloweba.'); $writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet); $writer->save('hello.xlsx');6
此外,除了提供丰富的Excel文件处理接口外,PhpSpreadshee还提供了CSV,PDF,HTML以及XML等文件处理接口。
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/10e1f047f2bd